confound
To perplex or puzzle.
Noun
- A confounding variable.
- The participants certainly differ in how their practice is distributed (1, 2, or 3 days), but they also differ in how much total practice they get (3, 6, or 9 hours). This is a perfect example of a confound—it is...
Synonyms: confounder
Origin
From Middle English confounden (“destroy, ruin, perplex”), from Anglo-Norman cunfundre and Old French confondre, from Latin cōnfundō (“to mingle, mix together”). Related to found (“to melt (metals in a foundry)”) (but not to found (“to start”), nor to find) and to fusion.
Forms
Verb
- To perplex or puzzle.
- And the brother of Jared being a large and mighty man, and a man highly favored of the Lord, Jared, his brother, said unto him: Cry unto the Lord, that he will not confound us that we may not understand our words. -...
- The fightback when it came was in the [Roger] Federer fashion: unfussy, filled with classy strokes from the back with perfectly timed interventions at the net that confounded his opponent. The third set passed in a bit...
Synonyms: puzzle
- To stun or amaze.
- To fail to see the difference; to mix up; to confuse right and wrong.
- They vvho leſſe ſeriouſly conſider the force of vvords, doe ſometimes confound Lavv vvith Counſell, ſometimes vvith Covenant, ſometimes vvith Right. They confound Lavv vvith Counſel, vvho think, that it is the duty of...
Synonyms: confuse mix up addle baffle vex lose embroil stick stump baffound bamboozle bedevil befuddle throw bemud bemuse bewilder bumfuzzle complicate confound confuddle confuzzle dazzle discombobulate
- To make something worse.
- Don't confound the situation by yelling.
- While she had obeyed him, smiling sweetly all the time, she had nursed a growing resentment of what she called his "Latin American macho attitude." To confound the problem, his mother, who lived with them on and off,...
- To combine in a confused fashion; to mingle so as to make the parts indistinguishable.
- There the freſh and ſalt water would meete and be confounded together, […] - 1611, Coryat, Crudities, volume I, page 195:
- Medication and lifestyle factors significantly confound the association with obesity, for which there are few prospective studies and weak evidence for a directly causal relationship, while the association with...
- To cause to be ashamed; to abash.
- His actions confounded the skeptics.
- To defeat, to frustrate, to thwart.
- But God hath choſen the fooliſh things of the woꝛld, to confound the wiſe: and God hath choſen the weake things of the woꝛld, to confound the things which are mighty: - 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version),...
- O Lord our God ariſe, / Scatter his enemies, / And make them fall: / Confound their politics, / Fruſtrate their knaviſh tricks, / On him our hopes we fix, / O ſave us all. - a. 1745, unknown author, “God Save the King”,...
- 1848 February 12, John Mitchel, The United Irishman, Letter to Lord Clarendon, I am now, in order the better to confound your politics, going to give you a true account of the means we intend to use, and of the rules,...
- To damn (a mild oath).
- Confound you!
- Confound the lady!
- "Number 43 is no better, Doctor," said the head-warder, in a slightly reproachful accent, looking in round the corner of my door. "Confound 43!" I responded from behind the pages of the Australian Sketcher. - 1882,...
- To destroy, ruin, or devastate; to bring to ruination.
- To mortal men, he with his horrid crew / Lay vanquiſht, rowling in the fiery Gulfe / Confounded though immortal: But his doom[…] - 1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and...
- Imagine twenty thouſand of them breaking into the midſt of an European Army, confounding the Ranks, overturning the Carriages, battering the Warriors Faces into Mummy, by terrible Yerks from their hinder Hoofs. - 1726...
Forms
Derived
baffound confoundable confoundation confounder confounding factor confounding variable confound it confoundment deconfound dumbfound reconfound unconfound