and

• Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke […] caste þher-to Safroun an Salt […] - c. 1430 (reprinted 1888), Thomas Austin, ed., Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab....
• Sweet lady, you have given me life and living; […] - c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London:...
• In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. - 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 1:1:

1. Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs.

2. Simply connecting two clauses or sentences.

   • When she saw several boys carrying a huge wooden case full of porcelain, she mumbled to Jinming that she was going to have a look, and left the room. - 1991, Jung Chang, Wild Swans:
   • "Consensus is essential for the country," he said, adding that he was not "tied" to his post and was willing to step aside. - 2011 November 5, Helena Smith, Tom Kington, The Guardian:

3. Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first.

   • I'd been walking since sunrise, and I was hungry.
   • ‘But if you think you can get it, Christian, you're a fool. Set one foot upcountry and I'll kill you.’ - 1996, David Beasley, Chocolate for the Poor:
   • One more error and all the good work she had done on Friday would be for nought. - 2004 August 22, Will Buckley, The Observer:

4. (obsolete) Yet; but.

   • Hee said, I goe sir, and went not. - 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew XXII::

5. Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (now dated); connecting shillings to pence in a monetary quantity (now historical); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes.

   • Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. - 1863 November 19, Abraham Lincoln,...
   • In Chicago these latter were receiving, for the most part, eighteen and a half cents an hour, and the unions wished to make this the general wage for the next year. - 1905 April–October, Upton Sinclair, chapter XXVI, in...
   • [H]e had bought the pen-holder during his last holidays at Blackstable for one and two-pence. - 1915, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter 13, in Of Human Bondage:

6. (now colloquial or literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.

   • And these does she apply, for warnings and portents, / And euils imminent; and on her knee / Hath begg'd, that I will stay at home to day. - 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”,...
   • Lions, and tigers, and bears! Oh, my! - 1939, Langley, Ryerson & Woolf, The Wizard of Oz (screenplay)

7. Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition.

   • I will extol thee, my God, O king; and I will bless thy name for ever and ever. - 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms CXLV::
   • He was at work in a nearby city when the tsunami struck. ‘As soon as I saw it, I called home. It rang and rang, but there was no answer.’ - 2011 March 18, Jonathan Watts, The Guardian:

8. Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause.

   • The word "capable" occurs in Mr. Fisher's Bill, and rightly, because our mental and physical capacities are infinitely varied. - 1918, George W. E. Russell, Prime Ministers and Some Others:
   • President Pervez Musharraf is undoubtedly sincere in his belief that he, and he alone, can save Pakistan from the twin perils of terrorism and anarchy. - 2008 January 29, The Guardian:

9. Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’.

   • And I heard a voice from heaven, as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of a great thunder: and I heard the voice of harpers harping with their harps[…]. - 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London:...
   • ‘You take it smoothly now,’ said I, ‘but you were very serious last night, when you swore it was Death.’ ‘And so I swear it is Death,’ said he, putting his pipe back in his mouth[…]. - 1860 December – 1861 August,...
   • ‘And, Vera,’ added Mrs. Durmot, turning to her sixteen-year-old niece, ‘be careful what colour ribbon you wear in your hair[…].’ - 1914, Saki, ‘The Lull’, Beasts and Superbeasts:

10. (now dialectal or somewhat colloquial) Used to connect two verbs where the second is dependent on the first: ‘to’. Used especially after come, go and try.

    • Beyond paying her a few charming compliments and amusing her with gay conversation, had he done anything at all to try and gain her affection? - 1817 (date written), Jane Austen, edited by R[aymond] W[ilson] Chambers,...
    • "What have you a been and given Pitt's wife?" said the individual in ribbons, when Pitt and Lady Jane had taken leave of the old gentleman. - 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […],...
    • Remember and help yourself to the soup! called Gavin. - 1989, James Kelman, A Disaffection:

11. Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other".

    • Undoubtedly every party makes mistakes. But there are mistakes and mistakes. - 1936, The Labour Monthly, volume XVIII:
    • "There are managers and there are managers," he tells me. "I'm totally involved in every aspect of Nina's career." - 1972, Esquire, volume LXXVIII:

12. Used to combine numbers in addition; plus (with singular or plural verb).

    • Two and two is/are four.
    • ‘Nobody attempts to dispute that two and two make four: but with contests concerning moral truth, human passions are generally mixed[…].’ - 1791, James Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson:
    • ‘Can you do Addition?’ the White Queen asked. ‘What's one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one?’ - 1871, Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There:

• "Where ys Sir Launcelot?" seyde King Arthure. "And he were here, he wolde nat grucche to do batayle for you." - 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book VII:
• Peter answered, and sayde: master, and thou be he, bidde me come unto the on the water. - 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew:
• "And he went slower," Mike said softly, "he go better." - 1958, Shirley Ann Grau, The Hard Blue Sky:

1. (now US dialect) If; provided that.

2. (obsolete) As if, as though.

   • I will roare you, and 'twere any Nightingale. - c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the...
   • As they will set an house on fire, and it were but to roast their eggs. - 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Innovations”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

• The same goes for measure 42, when you begin the phrase on the and of 1, because that kind of lick can easily bog down the time. - 2006, Gordon Goodwin, Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band: Trumpet, page 51:

Coordinate Terms: e a