-ing

Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.

Suffix morpheme

  1. Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.
    • My hearing is not good.
    • I have had several meetings with him.
    1. As true nouns.

    2. As gerunds.

      • Smoking marijuana cigarettes daily is bad for your health.
      • She has a habit of sleeping late.
      • I like meeting people.
  2. Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively.
    • Roofing is material that is used to roof.
    • Clothing is material with which one is clothed.
    • The piping is a system of pipes considered collectively.

Origin

Inherited from Middle English -ing, -yng, -ynge, from Old English -ing, -ung (“-ing”, suffix forming nouns from verbs), from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō (“-ing”). Cognates Cognate with Scots -in, -in', -ing (“-ing”), Yola -een (“-ing”), Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”), Dutch -ing (“-ing”), German and Luxembourgish -ung (“-ing”), Danish -ing, -ning (“-ing”), Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish -ing (“-ing”), French -ange (“-ing”). Unrelated to Brahui -اِنْگ (-iṅg, “a suffix used to form infinitive or verbal noun from the base verb; -ing”).

Forms

-in' -in -ïng

Synonyms

-tion -ment -ery -age

Related

work

Derived

batting bunting carpeting lining packing piping roofing siding ticking tubing wadding wiring

Suffix idiomatic, morpheme

  1. Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as in placenames, patronymics or diminutives; -ite.
    • Ealing, Dorking, Reading, Worthing
    • Browning, Channing, Ewing
    • Middle English *bunt + -ing → bunting
  2. Forming nouns having a specified quality, characteristic, or nature; of the kind of
    • sweet + -ing → sweeting
    • white + -ing → whiting
    • geld + -ing → gelding

Origin

From Middle English -ynge, from Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Akin to Old Norse -ingr.

Forms

-in' -in -ïng

Related

-ed

Suffix morpheme

  1. Used to form present participles of verbs.
    • Rolling stones gather no moss.
    • My new cabin, which is going to look over the lake, is getting a brand new roof this winter.
    • I wondered what time the play was starting.

Origin

From Middle English -inge, -ynge, alteration of earlier -inde, -ende, -and (see -and), from Old English -ende (present participle ending), from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts. Cognate with West Frisian -end, Dutch -end, Afrikaans -ende, German -end, Low German -end, Danish -ende, Swedish -ande, Icelandic -andi, Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands), -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds), Latin -ans, -ant-, Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn), Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant), Polish -ący, -ąc, Czech -oucí, Ukrainian -учий (-učyj), Serbo-Croatian -ući/-ући. More at -and.

Forms

-in' -in -ïng